The potential of the immune system in combating cancer has come to the forefront in recent years, inspiring a variety of treatment options. For example, in last year’s “Ayık Kafa” program, specifically the episode titled “What Is Cancer? Why Do We Get Cancer?”, we discussed CAR-T cell therapies, which aim to genetically reprogram a patient’s own immune cells to more precisely target and destroy cancerous cells. Oncolytic virus therapy is another important method that harnesses the immune system in a similar way: leveraging the selective infection properties of certain viruses to attack cancerous tissue while simultaneously activating the body’s natural defense mechanisms. In recent years, cancer research has gained significant momentum. Exploiting the power of the immune system to fight tumors has been a key driver of this progress. Oncolytic virus therapy is one of the prominent examples of such an approach.